Integrated research Essay

Introduction A family comprises of mother, father, children, grandp bents and others unite together by line of business or adoption. A family results from a conjugation. Family structures atomic number 18 built through sexual union and that is why it is said that proper espousalss lead to proper families . The family functions that are adumbrate in conjugal union settings are almost similar and that the challenges that are see in the conglutination are those challenges that will eventually impact negatively on the family.This research will outline various challenges that marriage as a practical identity possesses and their eventual implications in the family. matrimony Marriage can be defined as the interpersonal relationship surrounded by most commonly a man and woman who are united legally via social, religious are or governmental recognition. There are different types of marriages Arranged marriages-this is where marriage agencyners are chosen by the conjunction e. g . monarchies Boston marriage-marriage amidst two partners not necessarily for sex e. g. between two women. Common-law marriage- involves a class of interpersonal status where community united by a common recollect on marriage law link up on that basis Digital marriage-a kind of marriage where two people with no connection in their gaming lives enumerate together within a virtual community and declare that they are married Covenant marriage- in this case two people trace together as partners in union and make a unyielding life commitment for the marriage. Divorce is made more difficult here. In some jurisdictions, the legal concept of marriage has been recently expanded to emerging social beliefs such as same sex marriages.Marriages are considered part and parcel human stage of life and most people believe that at one point in their lives they should get married. People marry for different reasons ranging from to achieve social and economic stability, to have and nurture c hildren, to make water a family unit and finally to legitimize sexual relations. Marriage is considered the main(prenominal) factor and the pillar of a family. Better families result from better marriages as the people involved are given enough counselor-at-law to p brooker bandage the next generation of the family.The persons in the family learn good values and teachings from their parents indeed this will ensure that any subsequent marriages are strong and stable. modern-day critics also suggest that modern marriages have become extremely really disadvantageous for women. When it comes to economic or social considerations, women do not compare with women. Contrastingly, the continued bias towards women will humble that in the near future, mean will be on the other side of the fence-where women were in the last century.This is evident from the fact that modern policies and divorce laws have been specifically intentional to protect women. However, with the emergence of sa me sex rights, the situation will be more complicated due to the legal prohibitions and social taboos that deny the practices sound recognition. Loss Loss of one of the marriage partner leads to termination of the marriage . Loss may result form death, divorce or any other factor that will mean that one of them is unexpended alone.This is usually disastrous for the family setting where one parent or spouse is left alone to meet all the family requirements, in a case where the children silent young and need to be taken care in damage of education provision, health, love, shelter etc. Grief usually results from loss and it is really various legal systems and societal family arrangements offer different legal directions and guidance on handling properties (finances, assets etc. ) developed by the couple enclose one dies or incase of a divorce. Some cultures believe that both(prenominal) the wife and the married man are entitled to equal property rights. another(prenominal) socie ties also prohibit children especially the girls from inheriting the familys assets including land. A leave behind may also lose family property if she decides to remarry. Partners in a marriage are jointly responsible and liable for the debts of the marriage practice and thus if there is any misunderstanding on the responsibility of the same, then, it might be solved on an individual basis. The era of the myth doctrine of necessities where the husband remains the sole provider for the family is gone. Today, all partners in the marriage apportion responsibilities equally depending on the income generation level of each.

Klipspringer

In F. Scott Fitzgeralds celebrated legend, The large Gatsby, the casual character of Ewing Klipspringer plays a large role in representing a major depicted object of the novel the hollowness of the pep pill class. though Klipspringer only briefly appears during the story, his character is an important symbol for the way wealth and the upper class is perceived in the novel. While he may seem like an unimportant character due to his blunt way in the novel, he plays a significant part in representing the prehensile nd materialistic mentality of the upper class.We argon introduced to Klipspringer in chapter quint of The Great Gatsby, being described as a slightly worn-out young man, with shell-rimmed glasses and scanty blonde hair. Klipspringer is a frequent lymph node at the Gatsby mansion, playing the piano for Mr. Gatsby and staying at the mansion as he pleases. The way he is described in the novel assumes he has a somewhat innocent demeanor, where he is decently clothed and seems awkward and discomfit when Gatsby asks him to lay the piano however, he proves to have the opposite disposition.He is otherwise recognised as a freeloader, as he uses Gatsby for his enormous wealth and he has no sympathy or gratitude for Gatsby, proven by his absence at Gatsbys funeral. In several ways, Klipspringers greed and selfishness reflects the entire society of the upper class. They income tax return advantage of Gatsbys prosperity and parties in time they have no feelings towards him. Like the breathe of Gatsbys hundreds of guests, Klipspringer fails to realise Gatsbys funeral at the end of the novel.Klipspringer furthermore goes to call Nick during Gatsbys funeral to wee a pair of his tennis shoes, rather than calling to send every condolences. Klipspringers lack of compassion and sympathy speaks for Gatsbys relationship with all of his many guests although he serves them generously, they lack any gratitude or empathy towards him. Though Klipspringer only appears in the novel a short time, his brief appearance plays an important role in showcasing a vital theme in the novel the hollowness of the upper class. At the end of chapter five, Gatsby requests Klipspringer to play him a song on the piano.Klipspringer plays the song, Aint We Got gaiety, singing along, One things sure and nothings surer, the rich get richer and the poor get children. In the meantime, in between time. In several ways, Klipspringers song election suggests the shallow, unhappy lifestyle of the upper class. While they live lavish lifestyles and attend ornate parties, none of these provide any individualised value. This proves especially straight for Gatsby himself, as he spends large amounts of property on is extravagant parties, yet none of them bring him any true happiness.Klipspringers freeloading at Gatsbys mansion as well shows how ladened Gatsby truly is, being able to have a personal piano player stay at his mansion. It reflects his new money lifest yle of rakishly spending money, and represents the ostentatious ways of the newly rich residents of West Egg. The upscale residents of West Egg are not brought up by wealthy families, and have not been prosperous for most of their lives thus, the residents of West Egg are typically more humble, but lack the ophistication of those in East Egg.While Klipspringer was short-lived in the story, he serves as a symbol for the novels greater theme the hollowness ot the upper class. Though ne is only one man, he reflects the whole acquisitive society of the upper class spending money carelessly, and taking advantage of Gatsbys wealth and gaudy parties. Although he only do a brief appearance, he plays a large role in characterizing the egotistic and selfish ways of the upper class in The Great Gatsby.

Intercultural communication Essay

Perception in psychology is defined as a process of obtaining discipline through nonpareils senses and interpreting that information as something meaningful. Perception can either be programmed into or learnt by a brain, or it can be formed due to ones culture. floriculture based perception is in some trend influenced by experiences of culture and environment. For example, a persons perception of decline and wrong may be based on the norms of the society he lives in. Some characteristics of the American culture and their examples Individualism American youth break out to gain independence and to build their lives.Equality providing equal opportunities to candidates during business sector recruitment processes. Materialism the culture of recycling and having garage sales depicts how Americans order material goods and dont waste resources. Science and technology fast(a) encouragement for science projects during schooling, and promoting it through movies and television. Pro gress and change research and ripening in various fields is strongly supported by the government, so that the country may continue to be progressive and become a pioneer in every field.Work and leisure as untold importance as work is given in the American culture, in that location is equal attention paid to leisure and recreation as is seeming(a) through the countless getaways and recreational family parks present in the country. contest incentive plans at work, and similar reward systems during education promote the concept of healthy competition among the Americans. Work, Dress, Sex and Status In America, work and productivity are considered important to achieve a high standard of sustainment which is why the annual number of work hours has been increasing every year. impregnation habits tend to be highly informal concepts like Casual Fridays at work reflect this part of the American culture. Sex education is imparted at an early stage to students to increase awarenes s about and to minimize sexually transmitted diseases. The culture of discriminating based on social stipulation has been fading out as the notion of equality has started to spread more powerfully. Theories by Hofstede, Hall, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck to Analyze Culture These theories and the studies that had been conducted by these people, in my opinion, are instead useful in this age of globalization and ever-diminishing boundaries.They highlight the importance of differences in cultures worldwide, while also highlighting the similarities and therefore helping cross-culture psychologists find a common set of human values. Bibliography Mick Underwood (2006) CCMS Communication studies, Culture studies, Media Studies Infobase by Mick Underwood. Retrieved on February 20, 2007 from http//www. cultsock. ndirect. co. uk/MUHome/cshtml/index. html Wikipedia (2006) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved on February 20, 2007 from http//en. wikipedia. org.

Metabical: Case Analysis

Barbara chump, senior theater director of marketing for SSP, ask to analyze the market radically in rescript to decide the set and packaging strategy and forecast the demand for the harvesting before it is launched. The demand forecast and the pricing and packaging strategies all plays a significant role in determining the long-term success of metabolic beca purpose the drug market Is In ten-spotsely competitive and very muchover those products which are marketed with innovative strategies can survive In the market. Packaging decision is the n hot chocolate one intimacy that needs to be go forn care of.Since FDA trials showed that most of the people were satisfactory to achieve their load loss goals by week helve, the drug would be approved as a twelve- week treatment plan. The major distinguish that Print needs to consider is the number of pills that would be included in each pack. Packing the complete twelve- week supply In star parcel does sound Like a superb plan just SSP should non forget that packaging plan directly ties In with the pricing plan and can have a huge effect on the number of potential difference customers.Even though the twelve- week supply package ordain enable the customers to complete the twelve- week cycle without dropping out, it does limit the potential customers to only hose who can afford the entire medication curriculum with one-time manufacture. Exhibit 1 shows that the highest percentage of obese people is in the reject income bracket. 32. 5% of the obese people defecate little than $25000. This shows that most of Meatballs physical objected customers earn less than $25000. Considering this fact, It would make sense to come to an end that majority of Meatballs customers impart not be able to afford the entire twelve-week package.It would be better to dissever the package into three parts with each package consisting of 30 pills comme il faut for a month. Customers loud have to buy the pills pac kage three times because metabolous is a three- month treatment plan and each package would have pills enough for one month. This type of packaging has one major advantage. It would be able to attract more customers. Although metabolous Is a irrefutable drug, It Is still a new drug and consumers would not want to take the risk of paying a large amount and buy the entire twelve-day package when they are not even sure if the drug would truly work for them or not.They would be more interested in buying the product if it is packaged for one month cause they would not be spending a whole lot of money at erst while and they would not be wasting it if they happen to be allergic to the pills. The only going with the one-Mont package would De Tanat tenure would a De no guarantee Tanat ten consumers will complete the entire treatment. However, this would not be much of an issue because Meatballs customers are people who desperately want to lose their weight and it is less than promisin g that they would forget to refill their pills.The next issue that Barbara Print needs to consider is the pricing of Metabolic. The pricing strategy also directly ties in with the demand forecast. Printers first pricing strategy model was based on each(prenominal)iss pricing model. This seems to be a reasonable approach considering the fact that All is the closest comparable drug that exists in the market. Print makes an assumption while determining the legal injury of Metabolic using the first pricing model. She assumes that consumers will be ready to pay more for a prescription drugs compared to non-prescription drug.Would the consumers authentically be willing to pay more Just because it is a prescription drug and even if they do, how much more would they be willing to pay? Generally people trust electropositive drugs rather than non-prescribed ones. So, a high footing for a prescribed drug would be acceptable for them. However, scene the price besides high would not be a good idea because exhibit 1 tells us that the buyers of this drug would most likely have lesser income. The price of $75 for a one-month supply of Metabolic seems pretty reasonable compared to Alliss $120 for 50- day supply. 120 for 50 long time means $2. 4 per day and $72 per month. Pricing Metabolic at $75 is absolutely reasonable in that it is Just $3 more than Allele and it has a comparative advantage of being a prescribed drug. Printers second approach was based on a comparison of new(prenominal) SSP drug margins. Based on this model, Print came up with a price of $125 for a four-week supply. Her last approach focused on how much more over-weight individuals were ready to spend each year on health care. This approach resulted on a price of $1 50 for a four-week supply.A price of $1 50 would only be acceptable for the recess but if SSP wants to market Metabolic to a larger group it would not set its price as high as $150. A price of $75 is too low and a price of $150 is to o high. $125 would be the right price for a four-week supply of Metabolic. Barbara Print should then forecast the demand for Metabolic in order to armed service the company set the sales targets. Demand forecast helps in provision the financial requirements, inventory requirements and man power requirements. In her analysis, Print came up with three different approaches to forecast the demand.In her first approach, demand was forecasted based on the number of overweight individual in he US who were laborious to lose weight and who were homy using weight-loss drugs. This approach enabled Print to conclude that Metabolic would be able to capture 10% of the consumers in the first year and 30% by the end of year five. Based on this approach, the number of potential users of Metabolic can be estimated. Exhibit 1 shows that 34% of the 209 jillion people were over-weight in the year 2000 which means 71. 06 trillion (34% of 209 one million million) out of the 209 million were over- weight.According to SSP study, only 35% of the 71. 06 million were actively trying to SSE weight and out of the 35% only 15% were comfortable using weight- loss drugs. This means that the 71. 06 million people can be narrowed down to 24. 871 million (35% of 71. 06 million) and eventually to 3. 731 million (15% of 24. 871 million). Print estimated that Metabolic will only be able to reach 0. 373 million consumers which is 10% of 3. 731 million, in its first year of operation. In her second approach, Print use ten result room SSP survey Ana concluded t weight individuals would be Meatballs immediate customers.Again, she made an assumption that Metabolic will only reach 10% of those individuals who were ready to use the product immediately. This gives an estimated number of 0. 853 million potential customers during the first year. Her third approach Just focused on the educated overweight females between the age of 25 and 30. This ideal target market comprised on 4. 3 million people an d Print estimated that 30% of the 4. 3 million would be captured by Metabolic. This approach shows that the estimated potential users would be 1. 29 million in the first year.The three approaches show that the umber of Meatballs potential users chains from 0. 373 million to 1. 29 million. Considering the fact that each individual would be buying 3 packs of Metabolic, the sales estimate for the first year would range from 1. 119 million to 3. 87 million. With a price of $125 for each pack, SSP would be able to earn between $139. 87 million to $483. 75 million in its first year of operation. It is important to come up with a suitable packaging and pricing strategy and the closest estimate of forthcoming demand in order to compare the product with the competing products and ensure that it survives in the

Jane Eyre in the Opening 3 Chapters Essay

Charlotte Bronte is the author of the novel Jane Eyre about an orphaned girl struggling end-to-end the novel to achieve equality and to overcome oppression. In the opening 3 chapters, Bronte emphasizes Janes loneliness, lack of familial affection and emphasizes her sensitive nature and midland strength. As we witness Jane being punished and neglected at the hand of her unfeeling aunts and left feeling isolated and out of repose in her society. Firstly, we are introduced to Jane, hiding immortalizeing a book. This establishes her odd and lonely place at Gateshead hall. As not only is she separated from the rest of the reed instrument family but Bronte explains that she is happy and feared nothing except interruption. To feel near and content only from being excluded from her family signifies janes neglected and troubled childhood.This is indicated as a child should want to be surrounded by family and love. for Jane to be living in despair by the sense of this seclusion to be obs tructed implies her inner strength of independence as shes unbidden to find a book and read educating herself instead of moping and giving up. And shes joyful when emphasises her independence and drive to find a book and read rather than mope. ane sitting and reading by herself, not allowed to bump with her cousins, establishes her odd and lonely position at Gateshead Hall. Yet her willingness to find a book to read, rather than just moping, establishes her independence.

Argumentitive Essay on ‘the Case for Breaking Up with Your Parents” – Prof Terry Castle

&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- Why it is better for students to take the wheel paternal engagement even in the lives of college-age children has expanded in focuss that would ca-ca seemed bizarre in the recent past. (Some colleges have actually created a doyen of p arents position whether identified as such or non to clutch with them. ) The helicopter parents who hover over nearly e truly choice or action of their offspring have given way to snowplow parents who unfalteringly clear a path for their child and shove aside both obstacle they perceive in the way. Prof. Terry palace, The case for pause up with your parents As seen in Prof. Castles article The Case for breaking up with your parents (The Chronicle Review, May 6, 2012), on that point are a some reasons why she is right when she says that the highly expanded parental engagement jeop ardizes students skilful and emotional freedom. They need to separate so that students will be up to(p) to engage in a kind of self-orphaning.First of all, the high involvement of parents is non advantageous at all by calculateing that students are not even able to constrain their own choices some successions they would even do something just to make their parents feel satisfied. To prevent this, parents should really low gear to think about the abilities of their own child. Would they really not be able to make the right decisions? Of course, maven has to overcome a few difficult go in order to be able to make right decisions, exactly still, the students need to be given the chance to walk their own way to their future.It is apparent that these helicopter-parents are not inept parents at all, such parents are rather likewise careful, well, maybe they care a little too much. Nevertheless, they do not have bad intentions so that is why students should start to talk about t hose involvement-issues with their parents. If they do not talk about it with their parents there would not be anyone else would convince them to stop doing so to their lovely children. Still, care so much about their child is another reason to let them choose.If the parents love them so much, they should also love their preferences, or if they really command them, they can still advise them not to do so. This way, they can see to it to guide themselves and still have the parents opinion at the same time. gaolbreak out from your parents? is not something easy to do. Some students do not hit the sack better than their parents conceptions, or at least, that is what they assume. That is why there is also a possibility that those students have unconsciously developed a fear of fashioning own choices.Well, here again, this is another opportunity to help your child to compel more independent. As life is full of surprises, there will emphatically be moments where your child will h ave no choice unless to make a decision, and if it has never been done, it will also be very difficult. Caring parents would not want their child to be put in a difficult position, would they? Having said this, breaking away from such fanatical and willful parents would definitely be the best thing to do.It is high time for the student to overcome the possible fear of making own choices and one should be able to disassociate himself from his parents. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 . Self-orphaning The Case for prisonbreak up with your parents by Professor Terry Castle 2 . Helicopter-parents The Case for Breaking up with your parents by Professor Terry Castle ? Breaking away from your parents as seen in The Case for Breaking up with your parents by Prof. Castle

Filipino people Essay

Women have of all time enjoyed greater equality in Philippine corporation than was common in other parts of Southeast Asia. Since pre-Spanish times, Philippines have traced kinship bilaterally. A adult females rights to legal equality and to inherit family property have non been questioned. Education and literacy levels in 1990 were high schooler for women than for men. President Aquino a great deal is payn as an example of what women can accomplish in Philippine society. The appearance of women in important blank spaces, however, is not new or even unusual in the Philippines.Filipino women, usually called Filipinas, have been senators, cabinet officers, Supreme Court justices, administrators, and heads of study business enterprises. Further more than, in the early 1990s women were found in more than a proportionate share of numerous an(prenominal) professions although they predominated in domestic assistance (91 pct), professional and technical positions (59. 4 portion) , and sales (57. 9 percent). Women also were often preferred in assembly-type factory work. The availability of the types of employment in which women predominated in all likelihood explains why about 2-thirds of the rural to urban migrants were female.Although domestic service is a low-prestige occupation, the other types of employment compare favorably with opportunities open to the average man. This complimentary occupational distri stillion does not mean that women were without scotch problems. Although women were eligible for high positions, these were more often obtained by men. In 1990 women represented 64 percent of graduate students nevertheless held lone(prenominal) 159 of 982 career top executive positions in the civil service. In the private sector, only about 15 percent of top-level positions were held by women.According to many observers, because men relegated household tasks to women, employed women carried a double burden. This burden was moderated manywhat by the availability of relatives and servants who functioned as helpers and squirt caretakers, but the use of servants and relatives has sometimes been denounced as the equivalent of exploiting some women to bare others. Since the Spanish colonial period, the char fair evoke has been the family trea receivedr, which, at least to some degree, gave her the male monarch of the purse.Nevertheless, the Spanish also established a tradition of subordinating women, which is manifested in womens generally submissive attitudes and in a double banner of sexual conduct. The womans role as family treasurer, along with a womans maintenance of a generally submissive demeanor, has changed little, but the double standard of sexual morality is be challenged. Male empowerment also has been challenged, to some extent, in the 1987 constitution. The constitution contains an equal rights clausealthough it lacks particular(prenominal) provisions that business leader make that clause effective.As of the early 1990s, carve up was prohibited in the Philippines. Under some circumstances, legal separation was permitted, but no legal remarriage was possible. The family code of 1988 was somewhat more liberal. Reflective of romish Catholic Church law, the code allowed annulment for psychological incapacity to be a marital partner, as well as for repeated sensible violence against a feller or pressure to change sacred or political affiliation. Divorce obtained abroad by an alien mate was recognized.Although the restrictive divorce laws might be viewed as an infringement on womens liberty to get out of a bad marriage, indications were that many Filipinas viewed them as a protection against abandonment and loss of support by wayward husbands. http//www. mongabay. com/history/philippines/philippines-the_role_and_status_of_the_filipina. html La Mujer Indigena The Native WomanA description of the Filipino Woman during Pre-Spanish Timeby Lorna S. Torralba Titgemeyer IntroductionWhen olderMary John Mananzan came to Vienna to give a seminar on the comparative role and status of the Filipino woman in the family and society, past and present, initially I was not so sure of participating, for reasons difficult to explain. Partly because I was confident of my status as woman and married woman, or maybe I was afraid that my individualism and self-confidence might be influenced or could cause changes in me. But curiosity got the cave in of me. The day turned out to be very amusing, very kindle and very informative. The following is in part a summary of Sr. Mary John?s one-day lecture, reflecting on the status of the pre-Spanish Filipino woman, as this helped me understand why we sometimes have this strange feeling of being different from how we had been brought up that is, being meek, obedient and humble in short, a good mujer christiana. From Catalona or Babaylan, La Mujer Indigena to La Mujer ChristianaThe Philippines during the pre-colonial period was not a whole entity, the way it is now. It was made up of loosely related principalities with their witness separate social, political and economic systems under their own tribal rulers. conjunction life and social activities were organized mainly on the basis of kinship, smells and economic interest. A group of elders were advisers to the tribal ruler and jointly they acted as evaluator and lawgiver. In some communities, the Babaylan was highly respected as priestess or apparitional practitioner, as well as healer, counselor and mediator in the tribe. Although differing in name, every tribe had its own religious practitioners, who were preferred to men. In fact, when a male performed the religious office of a Catalona or Babaylan, he was polished like a woman.With this reference, I would like to present the unknown escort of pre-Spanish Filipino woman, la mujer indigena totally in contradiction to the prevailing belief that the elevation of the status of women, was one of the benefits br ought by Spanish colonization. The matriarchal society which many of us believed we always had in the Philippines is also a sour presumption. The falsely taken patriarchal facts of life with its machismo and a touch of misogyny came uplater with the Spanish colonization.In the eraly Philippines thither had always been an egalitarian relationship not only between husband and wife, but also in the upbringing of offsprings. The early Filipinos gave equal importance to both male and female offsprings. inheritance was divided equally among them, distinguishing only primogeniture and legitimacy. Education was an opportunity for both sexes. consistent marriage was a custom among pre-Spanish Filipinos. The groom and his family gave dowery to the bride? sparents, an amount concur upon according to their means. When married the woman did not lose her name.In some Tagalog regions, if the woman was especially distinguished, the husband usually took her name. So it was usual to peck peopl e refered to the husband of Ninay or the husband of Isyang. The pre-colonial Filipino wife was handle as a companion, not as slave. She enjoyed freedom in making decisions in the family. Her say was not only confined to domestic affairs like having a baby or not. Giving birth many times was disliked by women, especially those who inhabited towns near the sea, verbalise that in having many electric shaverren, they are like pigs. For this reason they practiced stillbirth after having the desired number of children.What name to give a child was also her prerogative. She enjoyed a key role in the economic stableness of the family. Formal contracts were done only in her presence. In fact there were only very few husbands who would dare enter into contracts without the consent or presence of their wives. It was seldom that a woman did not know how to cook the family landholdings. She had the task of agricultural production once the ground had been prepared by the man. She engaged her self in weaving and pottery-making and usually managed the trading of products and wares.The role of women in the political field, especially leadership role is a disputable theme for those who say, this was based merely on legends. Remember the legend of Queen Maniwantiwan, the wife of Datu Marikudo whose consent had to be secured before he could sell his lands to the Bornean immigrants led by Datu Puti. Another queen who is reported to have ruled Cotabato in the seventh century was Queen Sima. The practice of primogeniture with attend to inheritance regardless of sex allowed women to succeed their fathers as rulers of tribes.The most famous of the women leaders of pre-Spanish society was Princess Urduja of Pangasinan. She was sibyllic to be a beautiful Amazon, courageous and intelligent, possessing knowledge of languages and culture of middle-aged Asia. In Teresita Infante? s documented study, The Woman in Early Philippines and Among tribal Minorities, there is a description of the role of women among the Kalingas Kalinga women are not blockaded from belonging to the highest rank of society, which entitles them to the privileges equal to those of men in similar rank. some are recognized as pact holders and as she is the one who owns the pact, only her children or relatives have the right to inherit it. Pact holders were those who held agreement with a prominent citizen of another tribe or community in which for severally one party agreed to give protection and aid to all members of each other? s community while they were in his/her territory. Punishment was obligate if any harm had been done to them by his/her tribe member. This important position of being a pact holder was recognized among women in the pre-Spanish society.In the event of divorce caused by childlessness, infidelity, failure to fulfill obligations towards family, etc. the dowry had to be returned by the bride? s family if she was at fault. However, if the husband was at fault, he los t any right of its return. The children were divided equally between the two regardless of sex. The conjugally-acquired property was also divided equally. This way, she possessed equal rights with regard to divorce according to law and custom.To summarize, the pre-Spanish filipino woman, the mujer indigena had an honoured position in the family and society, which was mete out with by the Spaniards. A new Filipina was formed, a person moulded to the image and resemblance of the perfect woman of the Iberian society of her time. She had to follow many rules and regulations on how to lead the life of a good mujer christiana, which meant lesser freedom and rights. http//www. univie. ac. at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/wstat/mujer. htm.

Introduction to Education Essay

1. Diagram 1 Factors contributing to a colossal teentsyon Discuss the above diagram using the erudition theory/theories. (20 marks)Answer A great lesson is very important for students and teachers. How to make a lesson perfect? Maybe antithetic people keep contrasting viewpoints. Here are approximately criteria for a great lesson from my opinions.First of every, the quality of learn is exceptional. Students demonstrate excellent immersion and are rarely off task even for extended periods without bighearted direction. They have developed a resilience when tackling ch anyenging activities. Their keenness and fealty to succeed in either aspects of tame life and ability to mountain chain opportunities to extend and improve their learning are exceptional. Moreover, Progress is at to the lowest degree good for different groups of students and exemplary for close to students.See more how to lay out an essaySecondly, Teaching is at least good and often striking as students are making exceptional progress. Students are enthused which ensures they learn unfeignedly well. Excellent subject knowledge is applied to challenge and inspire students. Resources, including impertinently technology make a marked contribution to learning as does the targeted support from other adults. Teachers are aware of students capabilities and their prior learning and correspondence and plan effectively to build on these. Marking and dialogue amidst teachers and other adults and students are of consistently high quality. Besides, The following factors are or so of the other substantive ingredients required for a great lesson Differentiating for various groups of learners good-natured and motivating students Developing independent and resilient learners Delivering skills and content essential for dismission exams Assessment as part of developing progress in learning Challenging the most able learners Using technology and tools to make an electric al shock on learning Effective collaborative learning and peer study Effective classroom management Sharing the criteria for successIn summary, To be an great lesson teaching is at least good in all or nearly all respects and is exemplary in important elements. As a result, learners thrive and make exceptionally good progress.2. differentiate and contrast the Islamic and western perspectives of didactics.(20 marks)AnswerThere are some fundamental differences between the western mankindview and the Islamic worldview. The Western innovation of assess is adopted from study of knowledge, in particular philosophy and companionable acquirements, Islam puts the divine revelation as a primary source of values which make education in Islam content the value of education itself.Firstly, The difference in worldview in conceptualizing human, knowledge, religion and God, have made Islam and Western education fundamentally different. Western secular education that is valuefree results in the disattachment of knowledge and science from ethics, faith and spirituality. And as such the corruption of knowledge imputable to the Western materialistic educational concept impacts the Islamic world which has long adopted such concepts due to western colonialization.Secondly, The Western concept of value is adopted from study of knowledge, in particular philosophy and social sciences, which then was developed in the world of education with all its relative variants. Nevertheless it is a whole different issue in Islamic perspective. The virtue of value in Islam means a belief of choice in behavior and actions under prescriptive guidance prescribed by the revelation (wahy) of Allah and the sayings of His Messenger.In addition, education emerged as a response to moral and existential crisis caused by the Western worldview which is value-free. cling to in Western conception is relative, created by human ratio and neglects the revelation. set and morals evolve and change fro m time to time as a response to the social and political situation in Western civilization. Islamic conceptions of value and moral are different from Western conceptions. The value and morality in Islam comes from the revelation which was revealed to Prophet Muhammad and written in the Quran. Education in Islam is not value free and could not be separated by the metaphysical elements, but includes both the physical and metaphysical reality, and contains the principles of Islam which is useful as a guide for man to find true happiness in the world and the Hereafter.In conclusion, Value education developed by the West, should not be accepted by Muslims without adequate criticism, because there are some fundamental differences between the Western worldview and the Islamic worldview, especially in the concept of truth and knowledge.3. Secularization and modernization of education attain a grand impact on the lifestyles of Muslims. From your perspective, discuss how the concept of educ ation can be Islamized in the Muslim absolute majority countries?(20 marks)AnswerIn the Muslim majority countries, Islamization of knowledge as a methodological foundation for cultural and social regenerate brings the Muslim world and Muslim intellectuals and political leaders to the standard of second-stage of effective and comprehensive reforms to rebuild the Ummahs life and institutions. At this stage, the of import question is where to begin rebuilding in the economic, political, scientific, or military sectors? indeed education lies the answer.Firstly, Education is an important factor in the development of every hostel. The level of development of any nation is usually determined by its level of education. Therefore, Muslims should coordinate their efforts and establish their priorities, where education comes at the top. The more Muslims give to the cause of education and development at this stage to create run Muslim mentality and psychology, the more Muslims acquire h igher capabilities in all other fields.Besides, education can be seen from three aspects a) Individual merciful is seen to have a bunch of potentials and abilities that are unknown either to the man-to-man themselves or to others in general. Therefore, through the education process, all these potentials and abilities will be discovered and developed to benefit the individualists as well as the societies. b) purchase order Education is seen to play its role as an instrument to internalize and diffuse the culture from one generation to another. c) Interaction between individual and society Education as a process of transaction between the individual and the society that is the development of potentials of the individuals will contribute to the breakment and improvement of the societies.Finally, Islamization of education, is the Islamization of the Muslim child and the coming Muslim generation. It is the process of liberating them from a culture of vexation and superstition to r ecapture and reestablish the Muslim spirit.In short, it should be say that the Islamization of education or the reformation of Islamic principles in education must(prenominal) be pursued rigorously, and the Islamic notion that man is Allahs vicegerent on this earth and that he should carry on his shoulders certain duties and responsibilities should also be emphasized. That being said, the whole Muslim community should support the move of the Islamization of education.4. Students faculty member achievement is the yardstick of the train leadings successes. Discuss whether you book with this statement or not.AnswerEffective education leadership makes a difference in improving learning. Theres nothing stark naked or especially controversial about that idea. Whats far less clear, even after several decades of school renewal efforts, is just how leadership matters, how important those effects are in promoting the learning of all children, and what the essential ingredients of succ essful leadership are.First of all, All current school reform efforts aim to improve teaching and learning. But there are capacious differences in how they go about it. Some reforms, for example, attempt to improve all schools in a district, state or country at the uniform time. Other reforms attempt to influence the overall approach to teaching and learning within a school, but do so one school at a time. Still others, focused on innovative curricula (in science and mathematics, for example), typically address one part of a schools program and aim for widespread implementation, while innovative approaches to instruction, such as cooperative learning, hope to change teachers practices one teacher at a time.Secondly, There seems little doubt that both district and school leadership provides a precise bridge between most educational-reform initiatives, and having those reforms make a genuine difference for all students. Such leadership comes from many sources, not just superintende nts and principals. But those in formal positions of authority in school systems are likely still the most influential. Efforts to improve their recruitment, training, evaluation and on-going development should be considered highly cost-effective approaches to successful school improvement.Finally, Our project was to summarize the starting points for a major new effort to better understand the links between leadership and student learning. There seems little doubt that both district and school leadership provides a critical bridge between most educational reform initiatives and their consequences for students.

Fdi Inindia Ananalysis on Theimpact of Fdi in Indias Retail Sector-

FDI in India An analysis on the pretend of FDI in Indias sell sphere of influence Submitted By Subhajit Ray De beginment of humanistic discipline and Social Sciences IIT Kharagpur Kharagpur-721302 1 Introduction Initially the Indian polity foolrs were quite apprehensive astir(predicate) the flow of abroad capital into the sparing. This raise be attri simplyed to the colonial past which saw big(p) investitures being made by their colonial rulers in the form of major stand instruments like railways besides wholly to halt huge gains for themselves and sucking the host country of its resources.But soon the world-wide parsimoniousness has been witnessing an incessant form of frugalal evolution characterized by the flow of capital from the developed world to the emergence countries. During the nineties contradictory Direct enthronization (FDI) became the single largest source of external finance for the maturation countries. When faced with an economic crisis during the same extremity the Indian policy makers had to surface up the Indian market and accordingly India has been seeing a accordant increase in FDI influxs.Indian economy has been showing high produce range in the post liberalization era. In the last fiscal family according to the Planning commissions data the Indian economy recorded a ripening aim of 8. 6% and 8% in the year before. This is reason enough to call it a high playacting economy. All Multi National Enterprises (MNEs) down been eyeing the Indian market ever since they charter opened up. The policy makers encounter been vigorously pursuing the reforms program as they conceptualize that high harvest has been the resultant of economic liberalization.FDI has been seen as a dominant determinant to reach pop out high rate of economic maturation because of the ease with which it layabout bring in scarce capital, triggers technology budge and enhances the efficiency by increasing the agonisticness of th e market. likewise FDI as a form of policy instrument to raise capital is usually prefer over former(a) forms of external finance because they ar non-debt creating, non-volatile and their re term of enlistments depend on the performance of the projects financed by the investors.FDI is supremacyful in human capital formation, increases issue forth factor productivity and efficiency of resource use. But such do full(a)s argon highly dependent on the policies of the host authorities. It is furthermore described as a source of economic development, modernization, and concern generation. Several factors both political and apolitical oblige led to a greater acceptance of FDI. The depicted role of FDI has evolved from that of a tool to solve the crisis under the license raj body to that of a modernizing force of the Indian economy.In brave out of their endeavor the policy makers have often cited the example of the Chinese determine of achieving high yield rate through irre levant identify investiture. India has opened up its economy and allowed MNEs in the core firmaments such as Power and Fuels, Electrical Equipments, Transport, Chemicals, Food Processing, 2 Metallurgical, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Textiles, and Industrial Machinery as a part of reform treat started in the beginning of 1990s. soon FDI is in any solecism permissible in the telecommunicationmunicationmunications, imprecateing, Insurance and IT sphere of influence. Currently thither is huge debate going on about allowing FDI in sell.This paper aims to discuss the critical aspects of FDI in India, present a grounds study on the conquest of reforms in the telecommunications sector, analyze both sides of the arguments shortly going on regarding FDI in sell and conclude with suggestive measures on the part of the government activity which can eliminate the negative make of allowing FDI in Indias sell sector. Assessing the impact of FDI on host economy- a refresh of variou s economic literatures FDI inflow into the core sectors is assumed to play a spanking role as a source of capital forethought and technology in countries of transition economies.It implies that FDI can have constructive effects on a host economys development driving force (Caves, 1974 Kokko, 1994 Markusen, 1995 Carves, 1996 Sahoo, Mathiyazhagan and Parida cc1). It has been argued that FDI can bring the technological dispersion to the sectors through knowledge spillover and enhances a faster rate of harvest-festival of output via increased dig productivity. at that place have been a lot of empirical studies to assess the impact of FDI in developing economies and the results to this date have been found to be mixed.Many reports have questioned the unequivocal effects of the FDI inflow in the host country. Some studies done sooner had found that FDI has a negative impact on the harvest of the developing countries (Singer,1950 Griffin, 1970 Weisskof, 1972). Multi subject area Enterprises (MNEs) in the name of FDI may drive out the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic firms because of their oligopolistic power, and also, the repatriation of profit may drain out the capital of the host country. The main argument in this regard was that the main component of FDI in less(prenominal) developing countries was in the primary sector.Then these primary products were exported to the developed nations and processed for result back to the developing nations and thus resulted in the host nations receiving a lesser value for their resources. Hanson (2001) argues that evidence that FDI generates exacting spillovers for host countries is weak. In a come off of micro data on spillovers from unusual-owned to house servantally owned firms Gorg and Greenwood (2002) conclude that the effects are mostly negative. Lipsey (2002) abridges a more favor fitted view from reviewing the micro literature which argues that there is evidence of positive effect.He also argues that there is subscribe to for more consideration of the different circumstances that obstruct or stir positive spillovers. Rodan (1961), Chenery and Strout (1966) in the early 1960s argued that outside(prenominal) capital inflows have a favor qualified effect on the economic efficiency and proceeds towards the developing countries. It has been explained that FDI could have a favorable short-term effect on growth as it expands the economic activity. However, in the huge run it reduces the growth rate out-of-pocket to dependency, particularly due to decapitalization (Bornschier, 1980).This is due to the reason that the alien investors repatriate their coronation by contracting the economic activities in the long run. FDI is an important vehicle for the 3 transfer of technology and knowledge and it demonstrates that it can have a long run effect on growth by generating increasing return in occupation via positive externalities and plenteous spillovers. Thus, FDI can lead to a hig her growth by incorporating sensitive inputs and techniques (Feenstra and Markusen, 1994). Aitken, et al. 1997) showed the external effect of FDI on export with example of Bangladesh, where the entry of a single Korean Multinational in garment exports led to the brass of a come up of domestic export firms, creating the countrys largest export manufacturing. Hu and Khan (1997) attribute the spectacular growth rate of Chinese economy during 1952 to 1994 to the productivity gains largely due to market oriented reforms, especially the involution of the non-state sector, as salubrious as chinawares open-door policy, which brought about a dramatic refinement in foreign trade and FDI.A study by Xu (2000) found a strong evidence of technology diffusion from U. S. MNEs associate in developed countries (DCs) but weak evidence of such diffusion in the less developed countries (LDCs). It concluded that in order to get from the technology transfer by the MNEs a country ask to achieve a staple minimum human capital threshold. A youthful study by Banga (2005) demonstrates that FDI, trade and technological progress have derived function impact on absorbs and employment.While higher point of FDI in an industry leads to higher wage rate in the industry, it has no impact on its employment. On the other exit, higher export intensity of an industry increases employment in the industry but has no effect on its wage rate. Technological progress is found to be labor saving but does non influence the wage rate. Further, the results show that domestic innovation in monetary value of research and development intensity has been labor utilizing in record but import of technology has unfavorably affected employment in India.The study by Sharma (2000) concluded that FDI does non have a statistically pregnant role in the export promotion in Indian Economy. This result is also confirmed by the study of Pailwar (2001) and the study also argues that the foreign firms are mo re interested in the large Indian market rather than aiming for the spheric market. The study by Sahoo and Mathiyazhagan (2003) also confirm the view that FDI in India is not able to enhance the growth of the economy.Though there is a common consensus among all the studies in the Indian context that FDI is not growth stimulant rather it is growth resultant. A study by Dr Maathai K. Mathiyazhagan(2005) demonstrate that the flow of FDI into the sectors has helped to raise the output, labour productivity and export in some sectors but a better role of FDI at the sectoral take is still expected. Results also reveal that there is no significant co-integrating consanguinity among the variables like FDI, Growth rate of output, Export and Labour Productivity in core sectors of the economy.This implies that when there is an increase in the output, export or labour productivity of the sectors it is not due to the coming of FDI. Thus, it could be concluded that the advent of FDI has not h elped to wield a positive impact on the Indian economy at the sectoral level. Thus, in the eve of Indias plan for further commencement up of the economy, it is advisable to open up the export oriented sectors so that a higher growth of the economy could be achieved through the growth of these sectors. 4 Foreign Direct Investment policy of IndiaForeign engineer enthronement policy of the government of India has been gradually liberalized. As early as in the year 1948 and 1956 ( ii industrial policy resolutions) government policy all the way reflected the need to supplement foreign capital and technology for rapid economic growth. The core objective of the foreign capital policy was that the control of industrial undertaking should remain in the Indian hands. However, the government had granted authorization in certain skids for allowing havement of exclusive foreign enterprises.Foreign capital was preferred in specific areas which bring in advanced technology and establish j oint gambles with Indian partners. Government also granted tax concessions to foreign enterprises and streamlined industrial licensing procedures to accord early acclamations for foreign coactions. In the case of 100 per centime export of output, foreigners were allowed to establish industrial units. It needs to be noted here that under the Foreign Exchange Regulation spot (FERA) 1974 only upto 40 per cent of the uprightness holding of the foreign firms were permitted.Foreign investiture was permitted under designated industries along with restrictions in harm of local content clauses, export obligations, promotion of R and prohibition by law the use of foreign brands (Hybrid domestic brands were promoted such as Ford Escort and Hero Honda). It needs to be pointed out here that the restrictions have been flouted frequently and relaxations were also granted. This process has culminated into gradual liberalization of government policy towards foreign capital.It is reflected in straight increase in the number of approvals granted. During the menstruation of time 19611971, the number of foreign collaborations clear was 2475 which were increased to 3041 during the period 1971-1980. on that point was dramatic increase in the foreign collaboration approvals during the period 1981-1990 (7436 collaborations were approved). This policy enabled to build domestic technological talent in many branches of industry but generally considered very inhibitory.It has been astray accepted that fosterion of domestic industry for a longer period of time resulted into high cost production structure along with shortsighted quality. Foreign direct investment policy announced by the government of India in July 1991 was regarded as a dramatic departure from the earlier restrictive and discretionary policy towards foreign capital. The FDI policy of 1991 proposed to achieve objective of expeditious and competitive world class Indian industry. Foreign investment was see n as a source of scarce resource, technology and managerial and marketing skills.The major feature of policy regarding foreign investment up to 51 per cent of honor holding was permitted too. Automatic approvals were also allowed to foreign investment up to 51 per cent equity in 34 industries as well as to foreign technology agreements in high 5 anteriority industries. The Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) was set up to promptly process applications for approvals of the cases which were not covered under the automatic passage. Laws were amended to yield foreign firms the equivalent stipulation as the domestic ones.Government of India, however, put in place the regulatory mechanism to repatriate payments of dividends through Reserve Bank of India so that outflows are equalizerd through export earnings during stipulated period of time. Further liberalization measures with regard to foreign investment were taken during 1992-93. The dividend balance conditions were revoke d except in the case of consumer goods industries. Non Resident Indian (NRI) and Overseas bodied Bodies (OCB) were permitted in high priority industries to invest up to 100 per cent equity along with repatriation of capital and income.Apart from expansion of the area of operation for FDI in many saucy economic activities, the existing companies were also allowed to increase equity participation up to 51 per cent along with disinvestment of equity. Foreign direct investment policy has been changed frequently since 1991 to make it more transparent and hypnotic to the foreign investors. FDI up to 100 per cent is allowed under automatic route for all sectors/activities except activities that attract industrial licensing, proposals where foreign investors had an xisting joint venture in same field, proposals for acquisition of parcel outs in an existing Indian fellowship in the financial sector and those activities where automatic route is not available. The only sectors/activities where FDI is not permitted are agriculture and plantations excluding tea plantations, real estate billet (excluding development of townships, housing, built up basis and construction development projects-NRI/OCB investment is allowed for the real estate task), retail trade, lottery, security services and atomic energy.Government has simplified procedure, rules and regulations on a regular basis since 1991 to make Indian economic environment foreign investor friendly. Attempt has been made through FDI policy to make India the hub of global foreign direct investment as well as in economic activities. Trend and Dimension of FDI inflow in India The dimensions of the FDI flows into India could be explained in terms of its growth and size, sources and sectoral compositions. The growth of FDI inflows in India was not significant until 1991 due to the regulatory policy framework.It could be observed that there has been a steady build up in the actual FDI inflows in the post-liberalizati on period (Figures 1. 1 and 1. 2). Actual inflows have steadily increased from US $ 143. 6 million in 1991 to US $ 37763 million in 2010. This results in an yearbook average growth rate close to 6 per cent. However, the pace of FDI inflows to India has unquestionably been slower than some of the smaller developing countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam.In fact, India had registered a declining contract of FDI inflows and the FDI- GDP ratio especially in 1998 and 2003 could be attributed to many factors, including the US sanctions imposed in the aft(prenominal)math of the nuclear tests, the easterly Asian nuclear meltdown and the perceived Swadeshi image different political parties, which was 6 ruling government during this period in India. It is also important to note that the financial collaboration has out numbered the technical collaboration over the eld. But since 2006 India has seen a unmistakably higher growth of FDI in accordance with the general tren ds of the global conomy with a slight dip in the year 2009-2010. This can be attributed to the recessive situation in the global economy. In recent years, Indias section in the global FDI inflows has increased substantially. Year wise FDI inflow in the post reforms era (1990-2001) 1999-2000 2439 1998-1999 1997-1998 1996-1997 FDI 1995-1996 1994-1995 1993-1994 1992-1993 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 US $ MILLIONS Figure 1. 1 Year 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 FDI 393 654 1374 2141 2770 3682 3083 2439 7 However, China satisfys a greater percent of global FDI inflows.Indias effort have not yet realized in comparison to the changes which has been made in the FDI policy. Year wise revised FDI inflow since 2000-2001 with expended coverage to approach International Best Practices. 2009-2010 2008-2009 2007-2008 2006-2007 2005-2006 FDI 2004-2005 2003-2004 2002-2003 2001-2002 2000-2001 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 US $ MILLIONS Table 1. 2 Year 200001 200102 200203 200 304 200405 200506 200607 200708 200809 200910 FDI 4029 6130 5035 4322 6051 8961 22826 34835 37838 37763 Capital goods sector has more or less been bypassed by FDI.This clearly points out the tendency of foreign investment to exploit the pent up domestic demand 8 for consumer unchangeable goods. Further more, there is a gradual increase in the mergers and acquisitions during the 1990s which show a tendency of FDI inflows to acquire existing industrial assets and managerial control without actually engaging in fresh productive activities (Nagraj, 2006). Indias large size of domestic market seems to have been the major attractiveness for foreign firms. SHARE OF TOP INVESTING COUNTRIES FDI EQUITY INFLOWS Others France Germany Cyprus Country lacquer Netherlands U. K U. S. A. Singapore Mauritius 0 10 2 2 4 4 9 % 4 5 7 9 42 20 30 40 50 %age to total Inflows (in terms of US $) The analyses of the origin of FDI inflows to India show that the new policy has broadened the source of FDI into India. There were 86 countries in 2000 which increased to 106 countries in 2003 as compared to 29 countries in 1991 whose FDI was approved by the Indian Government. The country-wise analysis of the FDI inflows shows that Mauritius, which was not in the fork up till 1992, is the highest contributor of FDI to India. A major share of such investment is represented by the holding companies of Mauritius set up by the US firms.It means that the investment flowing from the tax havens is mainly the investment of the transnational corporations headquartered in other countries. Now an 9 important question arises as to why the US companies have routed their investment through Mauritius. It is because, firstly, the US companies have positioned their funds in Mauritius, which they like to invest elsewhere. Secondly, because the tax treaty surrounded by Mauritius and India stipulates a dividend tax of five per cent, while the treaty between Indian and the US stipulated a dividend tax of 15 per cent (World Bank, 1999).Telecommunications Sector- A success story Further narrowing of FDI in sub-sectors reveals the success story of the telecommunications sector. look into into Telecommunications furthers the haphazard nature of FDI investment and policy making. The current process for FDI in telecommunications can be attributed to two policies that were undertaken by the government National Telecom Policy of 1994 and new Telecom Policy of 1999. Before the economic reforms teledensity was low, infrastructure growth was slow, and the lack of reforms restricted investments and adoption of new technologies.The existing legislative and regulatory environment needed major changes to facilitate growth in the sector. It was 1991 when the course of instruction was undertaken to expand and upgrade Indias vast telecom network. The programme included complete freedom of telecom equipment manufacturing, privatisation of services, liberal foreign investment and new regulation in technol ogy imports. Simultaneously, the government-managed Department of Telecommunications (DoT) was restructured to remove its monopoly status as the service provider.The government programme was formalised on a telecom policy statement called National Telecom Policy 1994 on 12 May 1994. However the 1994 policy was not sufficient to make the Indias telecommunications sector fully open and liberalised. The incumbent monopoly (DoT) was indifferent in implementing the national telecom policy effectively due to its lack of commitment. This surface the way for designing a new policy framework for telecommunications which was called the New Telecom Policy 1999. The New Telecom Policy 1999 (NTP99) was developed after the reform process began in 1991.The interest of the government led to the new policy. As a result in addition to the sectoral caps, the government policy played a major role in the liberalization of the telecom sector. As a result a large number of underground operators started operating in the basic/ busy telephony and Internet domains. Teledensity has increased, mobile telephony has established a large base, the number of Internet users has seen a steep growth, and large bandwidth has been made available for software exports and IT-enabled services, and the tariffs for international and domestic links have seen significant reductions.Total FDI in Telecommunications sector is over US $ 15 billion. The takeover of Hutch by Vodafone is one of the largest FDI deals for an amount of US $ 11 billion. Tariff 10 rates are the lowest in the whole world and there are more than 250 million users. The retail sector in India The retail industry in India is one of the hot growing. Even without FDI driving it, the corporate owned retail sector is expanding at a furious rate. AT Kearney, the well-known international counselling consultancy, deep identified India as the second most attractive retail term globally from among thirty emergent markets.It has made India t he cause of a good deal of excitement and the cynosure of many foreign eyes. With a contribution of 14% to the national GDP and employing 7% of the total workforce (only agriculture employs more) in the country, the retail industry is definitely one of the pillars of the Indian economy. . Trade or tell on is the single largest component of the services sector in terms of contribution to GDP. Its massive share of 14% is double the figure of the succeeding(a) largest broad economic activity in the sector.The retail industry is shared out into organised and nonunionised sectors. Organised retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by authorize retailers, that is, those who are registered for sales tax, income tax, etc. These include the corporate-backed hypermarkets and retail chains, and also the in private owned large retail businesses. Unorganised retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing, for example, the local kirana shops , owner manned general stores, paan/beedi shops, convenience stores, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc.A simple glance at the employment total is enough to paint a good picture of the relative sizes of these two forms of trade in India organised trade employs roughly 5 hundred thousand people whereas the unorganized retail trade employs nearly 3. 95 crores. presumption the recent numbers indicated by other studies, this is only indicative of the order of expansion the retail trade is experiencing, both due to economic expansion as well as the jobless growth that we have seen in the past decade.It must be noted that even up within the organised sector, the number of individually-owned retail outlets far outnumber the corporate-backed institutions. Though these numbers realise to approximately 8% of the workforce in the country (half the chemical formula share in developed countries) there are far more retailers in India than other countries in absolute numbers, because of th e demographic profile and the preponderance of youth, Indias workforce is remainderately much larger. That about 4% of Indias race is in the retail trade says a lot about how vital this business is to the socio-economic equilibrium in India. 1 Arguments against adoption of FDI in Indias Retail sector FDI driven modern retailing is labour displacing to the extent that it can only expand by destroying the traditional retail sector. money box such time we are in a position to fabricate jobs on a large scale in manufacturing, it would make gamy sense that any policy that results in the elimination of jobs in the unorganised retail sector should be kept on hold. Studies suggest that about 5 crore jobs testament be lost and only 20 lakhs new jobs bequeath be created.With their incredibly high capital FDI driven retailing units such as Wal-Mart depart be able to sustain losings for many years till its immediate competition is wiped out. This is a normal predatory strategy used by la rge players to drive out small and dispersed competition. This entails job losses by the millions. Even the organised retail sector may face serious problems and may lastly be wiped out. The FDI driven retail units will typically sell everything, from vegetables to the up-to-the-minute electronic gadgets, at extremely low prices that will most belike undercut those in nearby local stores selling similar goods.They would be more presumable to source their raw materials from abroad, and procure goods like vegetables and fruits presently from farmers at pre-ordained quantities and specifications. This means a foreign company will buy big from India and abroad and be able to sell low naughtily undercutting the small retailers. Once a monopoly situation is created this will then turn into buying low and selling high. Such re-orientation of sourcing of materials will completely decay the already established supply chain.In time, the neighbouring traditional outlets are also likely to fold and perish, given the predatory pricing power that a foreign player is able to exert. As Nick Robbins wrote in the context of the East India Company, By controlling both ends of the chain, the company could buy cheap and sell dear It is true that it is in the consumers best interest to master his goods and services at the lowest possible price. But this is a countenance for the individual consumer and it cannot, in any circumstance, override the responsibility of any troupe to provide economic security for its population.Clearly collective well-being must take precedence over individual benefits. The primary task of government in India is still to provide livelihoods and not create so called efficiencies of scale by creating redundancies. 12 Arguments in favour of adoption of FDI in Indias Retail sector The main driver for adoption of Retail in India seems to be the recognition that the Indian economy faces serious supply-side constraints, particularly in the food-relate d retail chains. The government would like to improve back-end infrastructure, and ultimately reduce post-harvest losses and other wastage.There is also a general concern, highlighted by the persistence of food inflation, that intermediaries engender a disproportionate share of value in this chain and farmers receive only 15% of the end consumer price. Now the farmers will be able to get a better price for their products. With easy credit handiness through foreign direct investment the situation of farmer suicides in India will improve. With foreign capital flowing into the economy the current inflationary situation will be tamed.One key point is that we must assure between the interests of consumers, who constitute our population of nearly 115 crore, from the interests of retailers, who may number near five crore. The larger supermarkets, which tend to become regional and national chains, can negotiate prices more aggressively with manufacturers of consumer goods and pass on the benefit to consumers. Undoubtedly, lower prices psychologically propel buyers to spend more than they otherwise would. The resulting growth in private consumption creates jobs. The tax collection of the government will improve as it is mpossible to tax the unorganised retail sector. The revenue stash away by the government can be used for infrastructure development. Also India has had several retailers with deep pockets and access to skills. That they have not been able to soak the domestic small retailer says something about consumer behaviour and small retails resilience. The argument that the advent of FDI and supermarkets will displace a large number of kirana shops is similar to the argument used during the era of industrial licensing, which was meant to protect small-scale industries.But eventually the inefficiencies and quality standards of the protected small-scale companies become sheer even to socialist politicians and licensing was abolished. Even a modest chain of 20 0 supermarkets, to be set up all over India in selected towns and cities in the next three years, will require an investment of about Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), at the rate of Rs 10 crore (Rs 100 million) per supermarket to cover the infrastructure and works capital. Each supermarket may take 2 or 3 years before it becomes profitable.There is a risk that a few of them may even fail. No Indian entrepreneur will be willing and able to commit this level of investment and undertake the risks involved. That is where the 13 international experience and skills that may come with FDI would provide the confidence and capital. Apart from this, by allowing FDI in retail trade, India will become more integrated with regional and global economies in terms of quality standards and consumer expectations. Supermarkets could source several consumer goods from India for wider international markets.India sure as shooting has an advantage of being able to produce several categories of consumer go ods, viz. fruits and vegetables, beverages, textiles and garments, gems and jewellery, and slash goods. The advent of FDI in retail sector is bound to pull up the quality standards and costcompetitiveness of Indian producers in all these segments. That will benefit not only the Indian consumer but also open the door for Indian products to enter the wider global market. Suggestive measures to eliminate the negative effects of FDI in IndiasRetail sector FDI in the retail sector should be accompanied by policy formulations that encourage the growth of manufacturing sector in India. A growing manufacturing sector can accommodate the people who will loose their jobs due to the adoption of retail in India. FDI should be aggressively promoted in case of relatively less sensitive sectors like entertainment, R etc. however import duty should be imposed to protect domestic production units. Strict labour laws should be imposed to find that no management jobs are outsourced.The government s hould also ensure the local population gets competitive wages and the working environment is proper. Jobs should be reserved for the poor people. If the lyric of operation is English then it will act as a hindrance for job creation for the underprivileged people. Hence Hindi and local languages as a mode of operation should be encouraged. Cooperative societies should be formed for the farmers and other agricultural suppliers to take care of their rights and to ensure that they are getting a fair price from the FDI driven big retail units.Strict corporate governance should be ensured to prevent the acquisition of local business units by foreign firms and to promote investor friendly trade practices. The foreign retail units should be made to divest a certain percentage of their equity in the Indian financial markets. Only strict governance can ensure that the foreign firms adhere to competitive trade practices. Social infrastructure like schools, colleges and hospitals should be dev eloped to promote human capital formation as several studies suggest that such initiatives could enhance the spillover effects of FDI.Furthermore it will help in creating 14 jobs in the high technology sectors and will put India in the global technology scenario. Social security should be ensured through different policy measures like pension plans, employment plight programmes and free health care. Strict environmental laws should be enforced to ensure that the foreign firms do not indulge in unsustainable trade practices. remnant The growth rate of the Indian economy has been very high in the post reforms era.And hence India has become the cynosure of investment by foreign transnational enterprises. The relationship between FDI and other macro economic variables like growth rate, export, employment and productivity has been found to vary. It has been found that to gain a positive impact of technology spillovers via FDI the host country should achieve a basic minimum human capita l threshold. Studies exist both in support and against the positive impact of FDI in the Indian economy. It is self conclusive that the growth of FDI in India is growth resultant and not growth stimulant.The positive impact of FDI has been felt in the high technology sectors like telecommunication and IT. The success story of the telecom sector is a real confidence whiz in this regard. It is clearly visible that the MNEs are more interested in exploiting the Indian markets rather than investing in capital goods. The retail sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of India. It also employs a huge proportion of the population. Hence any measure regarding this sector such as approval of FDI in the Indian retail sector will have a gigantic impact on Indian economy.FDI in the Indian retail sector will work wonders in terms of controlling inflation, creating new jobs and increasing the efficiency and productivity of the Indian economy. But many believe that it may lead to wide scale unemployment, drainage of capital from the Indian economy and social inequity. Hence FDI in Indias retail sector should be accompanied by stringent policy measures on the part of the government so that the majority of the population can benefit from the positive spillover effects of FDI.Government should encourage FDI in the manufacturing sector along with the retail sector to compensate for the loss of jobs that will be created due to the advent of FDI in retail. Government should also build social infrastructure to enhance the human capital formation so that the positive spillover effects of FDI are greatly felt. 15 References FDI in Indias Retail Sector More braggart(a) than Good? By Mohan Guruswamy Kamal Sharma Jeevan Prakash Mohanty Thomas J.Korah Rethinking the linkages between foreign direct investment and development a third world perspective By Shashank P. Kumar Indias Economic Growth and the Role of Foreign Direct Investment By Lakhwinder Singh 2006. Indias FDI inflows Trends and Concepts By K. S. Chalapati Rao &038 Biswajit Dhar Impact of liberalization on FDI structure in India. By Dr. Gulshan Kumar. Impact of foreign direct investment on Indian economy A sectoral level analysis. By Dr Maathai K. Mathiyazhagan.Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Reform India Likely to Work Wonders for Regional Development? By Peter Nunnenkamp and Rudi Stracke. FDI in India in the 1990s. Trends and issues. By R Nagaraj. Economic Reforms, Foreign Direct Investment and its Economic Effects in India by Chandana Chakraborty Peter Nunnenkamp. March 2006. China and India Any difference in their FDI performances? By Wenhui Wei. June 2005 Fact sheet on FDI in India by the Planning Commission. Data on GDP growth rate from the Planning Commisiion. Wikipedia. com Planningcommission. nic. in 16

The genesis of secrecy by Frank Kermode

scriptural scholarship and the gospels can be useful examples for Kermode because these provide profound quality and discipline of the best biblical study and can strict a high enough standard that can be symbolical to all.An indispensable instrument of survival in this world is the power to fuck off interpretations. According to Kermode, in all the works of interpretation, there atomic number 18 insiders and come onsiders, the motive having or professing to have, immediate access to the mystery, the latter randomly disordered across space and time and excluded from the elect who mistrust or spurn their unauthorized divinations, which may and so, for all the delight they give, without absolute value. From my understanding, he deems this eventful since much of what is create verbally is susceptible to many interpretations. Thus the power to key out interpretations has been dubbed by the author as an indispensable instrument of survival.Hermes is the assistant of thieves, merchants and travelers, of heralds and their kerygma. He has been describe as cunning and occasionally violent. He is also the patron of interpreters and since Kermode is an interpreter himself, Hermes is important in his profession. Hermes is, after all, considered as the god of breathing out between between the dead and the living, between the latent and the manifest.Hermeneutics is thus described as the rules of the art of interpretation and its philosophy. It has been thought by some as the most serious of philosophical inquiry as a essence whereby they effect a necessary subversion of the old metaphysics. It covers a get of activity from plain proclamation of sense to oracular intimations.The biblical loss quoted by the author is from the Gospel of denounce (411-12) to wit Jesus said, To you has been habituated the secret of God, barely for those outside everything is in fabrications so that they may indeed see but no perceive, and may indeed hear but no understand le st they should turn again, and be forgiven. This passage was included by the author because he gather uped to point out that a written work is susceptible to various interpretations. He wanted to point out that it is only those who already know the mysteries what the stories really mean can celebrate what the stories really mean.Carnal reading is that which is based on simple special senses. These are readers who try to take the literary piece in their true concept.In the stage of Party going, the author wanted to stress the need to rely more on spiritual reading rather than beastly reading. He wanted to emphasize that we need to perceive and understand the story before us to achieve full comprehension.Hina was used by Mark to refer to so that while hoti was used by Matthew as because. The swap by Matthew involved a different grammar where Matthew replaces Marks subjective into an indicative.The parable of the Good Samaritan has been interpreted in many ways the most usual of which is to showcase who or what a real neighbor is. And by the standards of the parable, it is that somebody who helps those in need. It was also referred to the fall of man whereby Adam is the traveler who has clear-cut to leave Paradise and the Good Samaritan is Christ who saved him.Narratives are cloud because it allows us to interpret these in a manner we see fit. The parables are a perfect example in the sense that they allow us to learn something based on our own understanding or information of a story vis--vis the real interpretation of the text.

Case Study Investigation Essay

AbstractThis scientific look for investigates round nowadays scientific advances. Two scientific advances which are RTerg and ultra-low-power digital memory have differences and similarities that were analyzed from 6 antithetic internet resources. RTerg cave in more in homophile come along compared to the ultra-low-power digital memory be grounds it disregard reduce expiration terms groundsd by tsunami. This research confirmed the dissertation statement although some may have variant opinions according to their assorted point of views, but it is recommended that RTerg should be properly placed and passel that blend RTerg should be properly trained.1.0 IntroductionThese days engineering science keeps improving and fitting more helpful to human beings. Now, engineering science burn stock-still foresee/reduce unnecessary death and can increase an object power to its maximum capacity. This investigation purpose was to compare and contrast 2 different scientific adva nces. The  archetypical scientific advance is called RTerg. RTerg is a new-made dodge of rules which can find fault with of tsunamis within minutes. The second scientific advance is called ultra-low-power digital memory. This ultra-low-power digital memory is a new technology that would dramatically get assault and battery conduct for mobile devices. This research was expected to show that RTerg direct more in human progress compared to the ultra-low-power digital memory.2.0 MethodologyThis scientific case study investigation was based on 6 different internet sources. The first 3 sources were about the tsunami and the system, and the otherwise 3 were about the new technology which can course battery life. These sources were use to have a bun in the oven the fact of this scientific investigation. The sources were used to compare and contrast the data and to keep the differences and the similarities of the text discussed. The data was used to present the table.3.0 Find ingsTopic 1Aspects to be examinedTopic 2RTergScientific advance?Ultra-low-power digital memoryTsunami sheer?Battery lifeEarth lorePart of science?Chemistry, physical scienceAndrew Newman, touch 4, 2011Discovered by? When?Eric Pop, March 10, 2011Measurement of magnitude prior system?Array of memory bitsReduce death tollsContribution to human progress?Improves anything that uses batterySimilaritiesCause good impactsEfficientNew artificeContribute to human progressThere are differences and similarities between both(prenominal) scientific advances. Both have different issue and historical perspective. The first scientific advance (RTerg) discuss about reducing death toll caused by tsunami and to begin with it was invented, they used a strategy by beat the magnitude. The second topic discussed about the battery life which drain fast. And before, the strategy used was by creating arrays of memory units which operate together. The first topic is social occasion of earth science si nce tsunami is a natural disaster and was discovered by Andrew Newman, March 4, 2011. The second topic is part of chemical and physical science because they need to count the energy use and the material they should use to sire efficient battery, and was discovered by Eric Pop, March 10, 2011. The similarities contribute in manner of speaking good impact and efficient in human life, also both are still considered as new technologies.4.0 DiscussionThe new system which can warn of tsunamis within minutes (RTerg) is very serviceable because tsunamis may occur anytime and tribe usually are unaware of the signs, which may cause large amount of death. The most mischievous and deadliest tsunami come to passed in 2004. The tsunami killed almost 250,000 people in Sumatra, Indonesia (Phillips 2011) because the citizens/communities didnt get enough information of what will happen and some didnt get the proper go to bedledge about the signs before tsunami that made them unaware and became victim of this destructive and deadly disaster. With this new system, death rate caused by tsunami can be reduced or even prevented. This new system inform the population near the location to quash to safer place only minutes after the initial earthquake because people usually didnt realize the signs of tsunami since the earthquake felt like an lay of magnitude smaller than it supposed to be (New system can warn of tsunamis within minutes 2011).This new ultra-low-power digital memory is also useful to human progress because people can communicate longer and allay their time waiting for their mobile devices to fully charge. Gadgets these days usually drag out of battery after few hours of full use and wouldnt last for a day. This new technology is also important to other devices that use battery, for example, satellites, military equipment, etc. (New technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices 2011). Apart from long lasting battery life, this new bat tery is small in size. This battery use ultra-low-power memory to play down the energy used for mobile activity.The battery also use nanotubes which is know for its extraordinary stpower, since they are not vulnerable to degradation which can cause plague metal wires. (New technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices 2011) RTerg is expected to contribute more in human progress because RTerg warn peoples/citizens near impact zone before the tsunami happens and they can be more prepared to what will happen next. Lives will be saved, those lives may be one of the peoples who will be successful in the prox and they may invent more advanced technology. The research was effective since the sources used for this research was easy to obtain.5.0 Conclusions and RecommendationsTo conclude, RTerg contributes more to human progress compared to the new technology which can extend battery life because the warning by the RTerg can save thousands of life. It is recommended that1. RTerg should be installed in places where tsunamis happen often 2. People who operates RTerg should be properly trained so RTerg can work with its maximum ability 3. People should read about this report so they may know more about this informationReferencesNew technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices (2011), (e) experience News online. Available from http//esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/10/new.technology.would.dramatically.extend.battery.life.mobile.devices Accessed 10 March 2014Two Technologies Could Significantly Increase Your Next Smartphones Battery life sentence (2011), Brighthand online. Available from http//www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=18391&news=Battery+technology+Qualcomm+Mirasol+displays+Improving Accessed 10 March 2014Nanostructures Boost Battery Life Fivefold (2013), MIT Technology Review online. Available from http//www.technologyreview.com/news/509501/nanostructures-boost-battery-life-fivefold/ Accessed 10 March 2014 New system can warn of tsunamis within minutes (2011), (e) Science News online. Available from http//esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/04/new.system.can.warn.tsunamis.within.minutes Accessed 10 March 2014Phillips, C. (2011), The 10 most destructive tsunamis in history, Australian Geographic online. Available from http//www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2011/03/the-10-most-destructive-tsunamis-in-history/ Accessed 10 March 2014

Poverty in America Essay

Many people want to blame the governing and their short comings for the reasons that come upon their upward mobility, that indigent people mustiness fully evaluate their negative decisions, and their consequences, that defy made poverty a perpetuating cycle in not only their lives, yet their fryrens. Chiefly, bad decisions like, immature pregnancy, lack of education and complacency keeps poverty revolving, currently, and for future generations. The government does flip an obligation to help the poor and engagey in America, but as individuals, people subscribe to an obligation to help themselves in their own interestingness of happiness and success.To help end poverty, people should assess the issues of the generation before, so that the next generation has a better future. .To begin with, one of the major(ip) causes of poverty is a persons decision to drop erupt of school. Timothy Eagan, a correspondent with the New York Times, reported in his journal article, No Degree , and No Way Back to the Middle, that a globe in his fifties with a college degree is expected to make 81 percent more than a man without one. Years prior to it was 52 percent. Without education people atomic number 18 more susceptible to undesirable lifestyles consequently those who graduate.Besides the dilemma of having no education, dropouts face a number of challenges that could hand over possibly been avoided if they had decided to finish schooling. First, the non- graduate has challenges obtaining employment, consequently, they engage in reprehensible activity. As a result of criminal activity, non-graduates tend to end up in the penal system, and are then stigmatized against future employment. With the job foodstuff being so scarce and work wages so low, those with no diploma or degree will have no adventure of coming out of poverty.In addition, low income people are practically eligible for assistance, such as reduced cost housing, food stamps, child care and insuran ce. These programs are managed by the state, and the amount of assistance and how it is supplied varies according to income and family size of it . Though these programs are meant to help temporarily, poor people decide to reverse comfortable with not having to do too much. Government assistance helps, but it also allows people to make a choice to become sluggish and unwilling to work. They then, find ways to scheme the system and boast closely it.The government may not offer a lot per individual, but something to be thought about is this, if more needy people utilize government assistance programs for what they were set in place for, instead of robbing it, in that location would be more money allocated for those needed it, instead of those who are still used to having it. An indigent person becoming complacent with what they are disposed keeps them right where they are. Finally, the revolving door that most perpetuates poverty is a teens decision to have a baby.Babies havin g babies before they have education and experience put their children at risk of having the same hardships theyve had to endure . Once a child has a child they are then faced with financial, emotional and physical limitations that they have not been able to yet master themselves. The fathers of these babies are often deficient and in most cases too schoolgirlish to provide for a child, which leaves the nonplus looking to welfare as a means for support. When babies arrive mothers are forced to put everything, including school, on hold.And because child care is an ongoing job, young mommies dont make to college until later on in life, if at all. Once teen pregnancy rates are lowered, a drastic change will be noticed in the poverty rates. In the journal article, Class Matters, David Leonhardt, a correspondent for the New York Times, interviewed Any Blevins, a southwest Virginia native. Blevins stated, a decade after the fac,t that the biggest decision he regrets, was not going to co llege. All because he was complacent with what he had at the time.He now has a child and a wife that he shag barely support. Even with having a high school diploma and hold to have his son, Lucas, at more appropriate age, Blevins now sees how his decisions in the historical have greatly impacted his present and his familys future. More parents need to make their children aware of how bad choices at an early age, will affect them later on in life, if their hope is for their children to do better than they did. Everyone makes mistakes, but some have such a profound impact that they return the generations to come.

Dead Man’s Path by Chinua Achebe Essay

Introduction            The story is generally depicting the report which is state to be contemporaneousness versus mature. The obsolescent is characterized by the villagers which put away continues doing their rituals and besides it is characterized by the data trackway (Nerdicity).            The new-fangled or modernness is characterized and visualized by the initiation and the new headmasters who aimed for renewing almost all of the mosttime(a) staffs at the instill (Nerdicity).            The institution, as depicted in the story as the explanation for the report card, tends the humanity of that generation to be liberated with regard to newer and or modern things (Nerdicity).They are also trying to liberate the villagers that the villagers sometime(a) beliefs and practices are wrong which includes the practice of their belief about the street (Nerdicity). piece explanation            The al-Qaeda in the story is about Modern versus Old. It is said that Chinua Achebe came up to this theme based on how the new Nigerian thinks. The new Nigerians way of thinking explains their ideologies on beautifying gardens (Nerdicity).            In this theme as explained in the story, Michael Oli wanted a information at the institution a except the problem is the villagers are a source of hindrance to his development plan for the school.            The theme is explaining how accepted(prenominal) large number wanted a to a greater extent liberated and modernized society for a better living but still at that place are some who does non want to go with this modernization issue. They are contented following their old practices.The theme also explains how extinction of old practices includin g tradition and cultures be work of the rapid development and its being oblige to the people.            The theme also explained that imposing new ideas to people who opines and appreciates old practices is a hard thing to do that will need your patience and understanding.            levy new is better for it will benefit a lot of aspects in life but it will be better if or else of do all things new, people butt end combine new and old instead that will be more effective for everyone as it wont be a source for any conflict.            Example of new versus old is the modernity versus traditional.            It conveys the lesson which states that traditions should not be changed into new ones and it should also be not ignored.            The theme is said to be effective for people to realize that old beliefs are said to be influential and important so it should not be disregarded. Traditions are somehow an alternatives in instruct morals, it is said to be much more influential because there are lessons that people tail end learn through with(predicate) this (Cindy).About the theme            The author created the theme because he wanted people to be informed and to realize that endorsing such modernity over traditional matter in a bad accession will create a negatively charged consequence (LLC).            Chinua Achebe wanted to impose that when a current mortal intends and tries to block a certain all-important(a) aspect of that persons existence, the act could create or ternary into a negative reaction and consequences (LLC).This is depicted when Michael Obi blocked the path where it is part of the villagers important ritual in keep f or their ancestors whenever soulfulness dies.            The theme was generally made for people to see the negative blow of modernity to traditional activities.The impact in the story depicted through the theme is explaining that in order to convince people to accept certain ideologies, the one who imposes should also possess the characteristics that others would respect (LLC).This characteristic is important in order for other existence to accept the ideologies that a certain person imposes (LLC).Universal truth            Indeed, the story expresses universal truth because people cant deny the fact that there are really some people at any part of the world that endorses betterment in certain people but does it in a negative approach. quite a little would be insulted through this change of approach that provokes them to start a misinterpret and conflict to each other.    &nb sp       An example of this is when a certain person preaches something match to his views and beliefs.If a certain person imposed his ideologies and forced people to believe by threatening their lives or their own beliefs, the act will cause into major conflicts.            This statement is an example situation based on the theme of the story by Chinua Achebe. Symbols used in the story            In the story, there are a lot of instances that symbolizes the given theme.One of this is when Michael imposed the modernity by renewing almost all of the old professors in the school and changing them into new and younger ones (Classroom).            Michael could have imposed his aim of modernity through adding new teachers and so still allowing the old ones to perform their teaching in the school but he did the other way.Micha el aimed to remove the villagers right to practice their important rituals instead of respecting it (Classroom).            Michel did not respect the rituals and beliefs of the villagers hence he also disregarded what the priest advised him.Michael blocked the pathway to avoid the villagers from walking though it and he did it to prevent them from ruining the home (Classroom).            By doing the certain act, Michael is said to have insulted the villagers beliefs and ritual practice. He could have just let the villagers take that certain part and took other part to accomplish his project due to beautifying the school.Lastly is when Michael ignored what the villagers asked of him to be able to resolve the arising conflict. The villagers asked him to do a heavy sacrifice in order to conciliate his fault from the villagers ancestors (Classroom).         &nb sp  This is implying the disrespect to someones beliefs. Instead of following what they asked of him, he ignored the idea and continued on imposing what he wanted.Symbols            The school ground as the pathway, this symbolizes the tradition and beliefs of the villagers. It is explained in the story that it is a part of the villagers ritual to take that certain path whenever someone dies.            The blocking of the pathway this symbolizes the unacceptance and disrespect of Michael as the master(prenominal) character. He disrespected the villagers practices which theyve done always.Conclusion            The author came up to the theme by implying his view on respecting ones beliefs and traditions. If a certain person wants his ideologies to be accepted, he should impose it in a kind manner.          &n bsp If a certain person wants to succeed imposing his ideas, he soly should also respect others ideologies to prevent things from leading into conflicts and negative reactions.            The Author of the story in my opinion is aware that tradition power be forgotten because of the developments and liberations that the society imposes.            Achebe showed through his story about his respect to certain peoples beliefs even if it is not evidently true, thus it is everyones right to practice their cultural and traditional beliefs as huge as it wont be a reason for other peoples oppression (Cindy).            This is what the theme implies through the story Dead realitys Path by Chinua Achebe.Works CitedCindy. Dead Mans Path. 2007.Classroom, The Global. Dead Mens PathChinua Achebe, 2006.LLC, Mega Essays. Chinua Achebe, Dead Mans Path. 2007.Nerdici ty. Dead Mans Path. 2006.